Advancements in Transdermal Drug Delivery Systems: Innovations, Applications, and Future Directions

Abstract

Transdermal patches offer a convenient and non-invasive method for drug delivery through the skin, directly into the bloodstream. They provide several advantages such as bypassing first-pass metabolism, avoiding the digestive system, and allowing for continuous dosing over extended periods. Transdermal patches come in various types, including matrix, reservoir, drug-in-adhesive, and micro-reservoir systems, each with distinct mechanisms for controlling drug release. Recent advancements include smart patches with sensors for monitoring and adjusting drug delivery, dissolving patches that eliminate disposal concerns, three-dimensional printed patches for personalized medicine, and high-loading patches for increased drug efficacy. Potential applications extend beyond traditional drug delivery to include vaccination, gene therapy, insulin transport for diabetes management, and treatment for heart conditions. As research progresses, transdermal patches continue to evolve, offering promising solutions for a range of therapeutic needs. This article covers the creation and use of medical patches for transdermal medication transport, with a focus on recent technological and creative advancements that have led to the creation of intelligent, biodegradable/soluble, high-loading/release, and three-dimensional-printed patches.