Risk Factors of Urinary Tract Stones Formation: A Case – Control Study in Ibn Sina Hospital Sana’a city, Yemen

Abstract

Background: Renal stone is a distressing chronic condition that is becoming common across the world. However, apparently, the main risk factors responsible for the occurrence of renal stones in Yemen have not been investigated yet. Objective: To find out the main risk factors responsible for the occurrence of renal stones in Ibn Sina hospital patients in Sanaa City Yemen. Method: A case-control study was conducted among 181 (63 cases and 126 controls) individuals attending the outpatient departments of Ibn Sina Hospital in Sana’a City Yemen during the period of December 2020 and August 2021.  Results: The age mean of cases was 41.98 ±10.5 years, while the age mean of controls was 36.4±10 years. The current study found associations of occurrence of renal stone with genetic predisposition (odd ratio (OR): 11.9, 95% confidence intervale (CI); 5.66-25.17), walking < 1 hr/day (OR: 5.8, 95% CI; 1.87-18.47), water consumption < one bottle/day and one bottle/ day (OR: 7.7 and 4, 95% CI; 1.72-34.44 and 1.02-15.76 respectively), drinking mineral water (OR: 0.2, 95% CI; 0.066-0.59), daily dairy consumption (OR: 15.5, 95% CI; 4.122-58.7), weekly cattle meat consumption (OR: 2.7, 95% CI; 1.34-5.38), both daily and weekly consumption of fresh fruits (OR: 0.02 and 0.004, 95% CI;  0.001-0.37 and 0.000-.095 respectively), and both weekly consumption of other vegetables and legumes (OR: 0.3 and 0.2, 95% CI; 0.100-0.95 and 0.074-0.57 respectively). Conclusions: The current study recommended that greater attention to renal stone classification, approaches to assessing the risk of recurrence and individualized prevention strategies may improve the clinical care of stone formers. Lifestyle changes help to reduce renal stone disease formation.