Prevalence and Associated Factors of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Among Pregnant Women Attending Public Health Facilities in Sana'a City, Yemen

Abstract

Background: Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) is a global public health concern with varying prevalence rates influenced by population and diagnostic criteria. GDM poses immediate risks to maternal and fetal health and increases the long-term risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) for both mother and child. In countries like Yemen, limited healthcare access, inadequate prenatal care, and socio-economic challenges exacerbate the burden of GDM, making it a critical area for study. Objective: This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of GDM among pregnant women in Sana'a, Yemen, and to identify associated risk factors. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted in selected public health facilities in Sana'a, involving 105 pregnant women aged 18-48 years. GDM was diagnosed using the 75-g Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT) based on the American Diabetes Association (ADA) criteria. Results: The study found a GDM prevalence of 7%. Key risk factors for GDM identified in this study included advanced maternal age, a previous history of GDM, and smoking status. The association between smoking and GDM was particularly noteworthy, as it is a less frequently documented finding in existing literature. Conclusion: While the prevalence of GDM in Yemen is relatively low, this study highlights the urgent need for targeted public health interventions, including routine screening and management, particularly for high-risk groups. To effectively address GDM in Yemen, it is essential to develop national guidelines, strategies, and policies based on empirical knowledge of the current situation..