Prevalence and Mortality Predictors of Venous Thromboembolism Among 48 Model Hospital Patients (2016-2020)

Abstract

Background: Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is the third most prevalent vascular disease, and it has a substantial impact on morbidity and mortality. Although its effectiveness, evidence‑based thromboprophylaxis is still underutilized in many countries including Yemen. Aims: We aim to estimate the prevalence and mortality predictors of VTE among 48 model hospital patients during five years (2016-2020), as well as to evaluate how often VTE patients in 48 Model Hospital received appropriate thromboprophylaxis. Results: One hundred and fifty-one confirmed VTE cases were enrolled in our study. Three quarters of our patients were males 112 (74.2%). Median of age was 30 years with the 25^th to 75^th percentile interquartile range 23-38 years. More than half of patients were < 30 years with the distribution 82 (54.3%). More than half were post war trauma patients 85 (56.3%). Most common risk factors were immobilization followed by underwent major surgery and then trauma. The prevalence of VTE during five years was 0.53%. Proximal lower limb deep venous thromboembolism (L.L. DVT), pulmonary embolism (PE) and upper limb DVT were the most common VTE in our patients. Only 40% of VTE patients received appropriate prophylaxis. The mortality rate was 7.3%. Patients with infection, underutilized of thromboprophylaxis, coagulopathy and bleeding together as barriers to treatment, low platelets (PLAT) at admission, and high serum creatinine (S.Cr) at admission were 5, 8, 1.9, 7.7 9.5 and 13.7 times more likely to mortality among VTE patients in 48 model hospital respectively. Conclusion: The findings of our study highlight that thromboprophylaxis therapy was underutilized in 48 Model Hospital patients, indicating a gap between practice and guidelines. Therefore, there was a high prevalence of VTE among 48 model hospital patients. Infection, underutilized of thromboprophylaxis for prophylaxis, coagulopathy and bleeding as barriers to treatment, low PLAT at admission, and high S.Cr at admission were all independent predictors of mortality among VTE patients in 48 model hospital.