Al-Razi University Journal for Medical Sciences

Investigating Caralluma penicillata's Medicinal Properties: Effects on Haematological Parameters and Renal Functions in Cotton Pellet Induced Granuloma in Adult Guinea Pigs

Nabil Ahmed Albaser — 2023-08-27

Background: Caralluma penicillata is a plant that possessing a great therapeutic potential in Yemeni folk medicines, such as antipyretic, antirheumatic, for the treatment of peptic ulcer and antihyperglycemic. Aim: The study was conducted to determine the impact of C. penicillata on a few haematological variables and tow aspects of renal functioning in cotton pellet-induced granuloma in adult male guinea pigs. Method: Thirty six guinea pigs were assigned randomly to six groups (I, II, III, IV, V and VI), each with six guinea pigs. Group (I) A normal control group got 5% Polysorbate 80 in dosages similar to those of the drugs. Group (II) Normal saline in an equivalent dosage was given to the untreated control group. Groups (III-VI) got tested drugs either singly or in combinations. Results: According to the findings, C. penicillata extract did not appear to reduce the increases in total leukocytic count, haematocrit value, or erythrocytic sedimentation rate. An increase in neutrophils, monocytes, and eosinophils was seen, along with a noticeably less number of lymphocytic cells. An increase in plasma urea and creatinine indicated a significant deterioration in renal functioning, according to the data. This nephrotoxic effect was unaffected by C. penicillata extract or indomethacin, either alone or in combination. Conclusion: The C. penicillata extract was unable to reverse the hematological or nephrotoxic consequences of cotton pellet-induced granuloma.

Knowledge of Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction toward Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Public Hospitals at Sana'a-Yemen

Abdulnasser Ahmed Haza’a — 2023-08-27

Background: Globally, cardiovascular disease (CVD) poses a significant public health challenge. Evidence indicates that individuals with CVD have considerable knowledge gaps about cardiovascular risk factors. The aim of the study was to assess the knowledge of patients with acute myocardial infarction toward cardiovascular risk factors. Method: A descriptive cross-sectional study. Convenance sampling technique from January to March 30, 2023. The data was collected by using a closed-ended questionnaire with demographic data, medical history, and patients’ knowledge regarding different risk factors at a public hospital in Sana'a, Yemen. Results: A total of 178 patients were enrolled in the study. The mean age was 60.98 years, and 77.5% of patients were male. 53.9% of them live in rural areas, while 28.65% of patients are illiterate. Most patients had hypertension, and 51.1% of patients had a family history of diseases. The main risk factors for the occurrence of myocardial infarction are smoking (90.4%), hyperlipidemia (72.5%), and high blood pressure (61.2%). Overall knowledge of cardiovascular risk factors among patients was fair (52.2%), and 32.0% of them had poor knowledge, while 15.7% of patients had good knowledge. Age and educational level were significantly associated with knowledge of cardiovascular risk factors. Conclusions: Patients with myocardial infarction have a fair knowledge of the cardiovascular risk factors. We recommended that medical and nursing staff play a crucial role in this teaching process, and they should be encouraged to educate patients when providing health services regarding the development and progression of disease, predisposing factors, and prevention methods.

Risk Factors of Urinary Tract Stones Formation: A Case – Control Study in Ibn Sina Hospital Sana’a city, Yemen

Maged Ali Yahya AL-Ghashmi — 2023-08-28

Background: Renal stone is a distressing chronic condition that is becoming common across the world. However, apparently, the main risk factors responsible for the occurrence of renal stones in Yemen have not been investigated yet. Objective: To find out the main risk factors responsible for the occurrence of renal stones in Ibn Sina hospital patients in Sanaa City Yemen. Method: A case-control study was conducted among 181 (63 cases and 126 controls) individuals attending the outpatient departments of Ibn Sina Hospital in Sana’a City Yemen during the period of December 2020 and August 2021. Results: The age mean of cases was 41.98 ±10.5 years, while the age mean of controls was 36.4±10 years. The current study found associations of occurrence of renal stone with genetic predisposition (odd ratio (OR): 11.9, 95% confidence intervale (CI); 5.66-25.17), walking < 1 hr/day (OR: 5.8, 95% CI; 1.87-18.47), water consumption < one bottle/day and one bottle/ day (OR: 7.7 and 4, 95% CI; 1.72-34.44 and 1.02-15.76 respectively), drinking mineral water (OR: 0.2, 95% CI; 0.066-0.59), daily dairy consumption (OR: 15.5, 95% CI; 4.122-58.7), weekly cattle meat consumption (OR: 2.7, 95% CI; 1.34-5.38), both daily and weekly consumption of fresh fruits (OR: 0.02 and 0.004, 95% CI; 0.001-0.37 and 0.000-.095 respectively), and both weekly consumption of other vegetables and legumes (OR: 0.3 and 0.2, 95% CI; 0.100-0.95 and 0.074-0.57 respectively). Conclusions: The current study recommended that greater attention to renal stone classification, approaches to assessing the risk of recurrence and individualized prevention strategies may improve the clinical care of stone formers. Lifestyle changes help to reduce renal stone disease formation.

Knowledge and Practice of Intensive Care Nurses Towards Weaning Criteria From Mechanical Ventilation at Public Hospitals in Sana'a City-Yemen

Abdullateef Ahmed AL-Gunaid — 2023-09-19

Methods: A descriptive, cross-sectional study was carried out at a public hospitals in Sana’a City-Yemen among ICU nurses. The sample size was 93 Yemeni nurses. A stratified random sampling was applied. Data were collected by using a close-ended questionnaire to testing knowledge and observational checklist to testing nurses practice. A pilot study was conducted and validity and reliability of the questionnaire was also tested. The data were analyzed using SPSS and measured using frequency and percent for categorical variables and Means and SD for quantitative variable. t-test was used to determine the differences between two variables and one-way ANOVA determine the differences between more than two variables. Chi-squaire test was used to determine the relationship between variables. A P-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results: The results showed that (54%) of the nurses had correct knowledge toward WC from MV whereas (46%) of them had incorrect knowledge. While (39%) of nurses had poor knowledge, and (50%) of them had moderate knowledge and (11%) of them had good knowledge, While (46%) of the nurses were correctly practiced to WC from MV, whereas (44%) of them were not done and (10%) need correctly practiced. As regards to level of practice, (49%) had poor practice, (36%) had a moderate practice and (15%) had a good practice. There was no significant differences in the mean knowledge scores toward WC by demographic characteristics of nurses (P>0.05). A significant differences in the mean knowledge scores toward WC according to diploma degree in respiratory therapy was found (P<0.05) but not for course training in WC and courses training in ICU (P>0.05). A statistically significant differences was found in mean practice scores toward WC from MV by demographic characteristics of nurses (P<0.05) but not for sex (P>0.05). A statistically significant differences was found in mean practice scores toward WC from MV by diploma degree in respiratory therapy, course training in WC and courses training in ICU (P< 0.05). Conclusion: This study conclude that (50%) of the nurses had moderate knowledge toward WC from MV and (36%) of them had moderate practice, This study recommended increasing knowledge and practice of ICU nurses through the courses training and implementation WC and protocol weaning in all ICU units.

Acupuncture for stroke

Osamah Ezzaddin — 2023-11-15

Stroke is one of the most common cause of death especially for elderly people. The main symptom of stroke is weakness in one side of the body. During rehabilitation, patient may suffer some complications such as shoulder pain, insomnia, dysphagia, or muscle spasm. Acupuncture is widely used in china and east Asian countries for stroke rehabilitation. Many researchers studied the effect of acupuncture on stroke rehabilitation and complications prevention and treatment. Acupuncture showed positive effect on stroke rehabilitation combined with exercise. Acupuncture also showed effects on brain blood flow, dysphagia, insomnia, muscle spasticity and shoulder pain. The effect of acupuncture may vary based on what technique is used and practitioner experience. On this paper, the author reviewed many systemic reviews on the effect of acupuncture for stroke rehabilitation.

The Patients Misuse of Antibiotics and Perception of Antibiotic Resistance Sana'a City-Yemen

Shawqi Shugaa Aldeen — 2023-11-15

Background of the study: Misuse of antibiotic in both healthcare setting and the community through poor prescribing practices and consumer behaviour have contributed enormously to the acquired antibiotic resistance (ABR) which presents a significant threat to public health globally in the 21st century. Objective: To assess the antibiotics misuse and perception of resistance among patients in different health care facilities in Sana'a City. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study of 384 adult patient's public hospitals in Sana'a City, between February and June 2021 was used. A multistage cluster random sampling was used; Five districts were selected randomly and the public, private hospitals. The sample was approached a questionnaire (face–to–face interview), The sample responded to size was determined using Epi info. The instrument is a questionnaire for patients. The data was analyzed using (SPSS) program version 26.0. Frequencies, T-test, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), binary logistic and ordinal logistic regression were used. Informed written consent was obtained from all participants in the study. Results: Only 4.4% of patients have good knowledge of antibiotics, 40% had not heard about antibiotic resistance, two-thirds of patients do not consult a physician before taking antibiotics, 72% did not complete the antibiotic course and 67% of patients taking antibiotics within the past six months. Conclusion: Patient's showed inadequate knowledge and perception towards the ant antibiotics and their resistance. They have poor practice about using antibiotics.

Prevalence of Hepatitis B Surface Antigen, Hepatitis B Core Antibody and Hepatitis C Antibody among Blood Donors at National Blood Transfusion &Research Center in Sana'a City.

Safwan Mahmood Qasam — 2023-11-15

Infection with hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) is major global health problem; the transfusion and product of blood are recognized risk factors of acquiring HBV and HCV. Objective: To determine the prevalence of Hepatitis B Surface Antigen, Hepatitis B Core Antibody and Hepatitis C Antibody among blood donors at National Blood Transfusion & Research Center in Sana'a City. Results: from a total of 5000 blood donor participated in the present study tested for HBsAg, HBcAb and HCV only 130 (2.6%), 507 (10.1) and 53(1.6%) was found to be positive for HBsAg, HBcAb and HCV Ab respectively There was a statistically significant difference between HBcAB & HBsAg with p= 0.001 and between age groups and antihepatitice Bc with p=0.04. There was no statistically significant difference between jobs and antihepatitice Bc with p= 0.4, no difference between jobs and hepatitis C with p=0.3, no difference between jobs and hepatitis B sAg with p=0.7, no difference between age groups and Hepatitis BsAg and Hepatitis C Ab with p=0.09 and p=0.7 respectively. Conclusion. Hepatitis B surface antigen and Hepatitis B cor Ab should be tested as A diagnosis test for hepatitis B virus. Health education should concern risk factors and prevention of HBV and HCV infections for public.